6 Ways to Help Fireflies

Snapshot - 1702 Words

Psychoanalysis From the 1890s until his death in 1939, the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud developed a method of psychotherapy known as psychoanalysis. Freuds understanding of the mind was largely based on interpretive methods, introspection and clinical observations, and was focused in particular on resolving unconscious conflict, mental distress and psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. While Freud is perhaps best known for his tripartite†¦show more content†¦It became so influential as to be called the third force within psychology, along with behaviorism and psychoanalysis. Influenced largely by the work of German philosopher Martin Heidegger and Danish philosopher Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, psychoanalytically-trained American psychologist Rollo May developed an existential breed of psychology in the 1950s and 1960s. Existential psychologists argued that people must come to terms with their mortality and that, in so doing, people will be obligated to accept that they are free—that they possess free will and are at liberty to defy expectations and conventions in order to forge their own, meaningful paths through life. May believed that an important element of the meaning-making process is the search for myths, or narrative patterns into which the individual may fit. From the existential perspective, not only does the quest for meaning follow from an acceptance of mortality, but the attainment of meaning can overshadow the prospect of death. As Austrian existential psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl observed, We who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few in number, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms—toShow MoreRelatedBrazil : A Snapshot Of Brazil1168 Words   |  5 PagesA Snapshot of Brazil Capital Brasilia Largest city Sà £o Paulo Ethnic groups (2010) 47.73% White 43.13% Pardo 7.61% Black 1.09% Asian 0.43% Amerindian Official languages Portuguese Demonym Brazilian Government Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic Total area 8,515,767 km2 or 3,287,597 sq mi (5th in the world) Population Density 23.7/km2 or 61.5/sq mi (192nd in the world) Population (2014) 202,656,788 (5th in the world) GDP (nominal) total $2.215 trillion (7th in the world)Read MoreThe Snapshot Autobiography Is Having Student931 Words   |  4 PagesThe main topic of the snapshot autobiography is having student be able to think like a historian. Historians don’t include every major detail when telling a key event in time. 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Anxiety and Fragile Old Man free essay sample

Melissa Garlic I sprint on to the air bridge, frizzy hair, laces undone, coat unbuttoned. I look tragic. Finally I Join the queue. I attempt to make myself look presentable; like that will ever happen. In my attempt to be graceful I try gliding towards the entrance of the plane, no luck. I trip over my laces and smash into the man in front of me. I apologize as he grunts. Crashing into my seat Im relieved, what else could go wrong? A fragile old man carefully takes his seat beside me. With only a seat between us I wonder if I should make polite yet awkward conversation. I decide against it. The final passenger roads the plane. He seems 17 or 18, my age, very attractive, tall, loose hazelnut hair, broad shoulders. Silently I pray that he wont sit next to me; he does. I silently smile and shoot my head down and pretend Im reading the worlds most fascinating article. We will write a custom essay sample on Anxiety and Fragile Old Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After a series of tedious flight instructions the plane is roaring to take off. Within a matter of seconds were in the air. My anxiety gets the batter of me as I peer out the window and see how high we are. My hands start to sweat and Im positive Vive left my stomach back on the ground. Air pockets start to threaten to send my lunch back up as the plane starts to Jolt left and right. As we reach the designated altitude the plane comes to a peaceful cruise. My nerves are dancing around believing that at any moment in time the plane will come to a spiraling crash. Quickly the flight attendants come round and offer a light snack and beverage. I embrace a glass of ice cold water. My nerves relax as everyone on the plane seems settled, I hunch back into my seat and ask myself what else could go wrong? Im Just beginning to think things are going well; until we start flying over Wellington. I notice that the plane is lightly shaking, nothing to worry about, and within a matter of minutes the plane is bouncing up down and side to side. My palms are sweating, my lunch is definitely going to be making reappearance and my breathing is making me sound slightly hysterical. Mimi k? Crap, cute boy to my left has totally noticed my panic attack. Muff, Im good I squeak, not daring to make eye contact. Out of the blue the plane drops. Without thinking I grab cute boys hand and shut my eyes hoping that this is all a bad dream. I open my eyes to see cute boy staring and me like I was two crayons short of a box. Oh my gosh Im so sorry! I gush, cherry red with embarrassment Awkwardly he smiles and looks away. Silently I turn away from him, humiliated and hoping that this is the one and only time that I will ever have to see him. The plane starts to steady itself as we come into landing. I cant wait to get of this plane and never see that boy again. The plane comes to halt; I spring up and throw my bags over my shoulder waiting to run off the plane as fast as my feet will take me. I manage to worm my way through many of the other passengers and make it to the arrivals lounge. I breathe a breath of relief and tell myself thats theres nothing from here on in that could possibly go wrong. I meet up with my mum to get my luggage. In a rush I grab what I assume is my bag and walk off. Big mistake. Weve Just arrived home, after what seems like hours stuck in Auckland traffic, and my phone is going off. Apparently Vive accidental grabbed a Mr. Trend Parkers bag. I groan as I think about now long its going to take to get the airport and back. Reluctantly mum and I climb back into the car and head towards the airport. Upon arriving we are told to go to the customer information desk. Mum and I drag our tired bodies towards the desk. Then I see him. Cute boy from the plane is standing there, looking extremely annoyed. Fear comes upon me like a crashing wave. I duck so he wont see me and I run and desperately search for something to hide behind. My very confused mother walks over to me with a puzzled look on her face. Dont even ask mum, Just go give that guy the bag I say in a hushed tone. Still confused she walks over to the desk and greats cute boy. I panic as I notice they are talking; that cant be good. Finally mum walks away and we get back to the car. Andrea, did you know that boy? mum questions No whys that? Well he knew you and asked me to give this to give to you she says handing over a tiny piece of ripped paper. I open the small note and read it; call me

The Origin of Man by Richard Leakey

The book ‘Origin of Mankind’ by Richard Leakey is an exciting book to read. On analyzing the contents of the book, one realizes that Leakey was not only interested in the historical occurrences and sequences but on the reasons of the events at every stage of his discoveries.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Origin of Man by Richard Leakey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He gave good analysis of every stage of human prehistoric species and gave solutions to some unanswered questions like the shape of human tree, gradual increase in the size of the human brain and the start of complex languages. On every issue raised above, he backs up with reasonable answers such as the first man in the planet seven million years ago and how modern man evolved from Homo erectus. The first chapter of the book contains an analysis of how Darwin manipulated anthropologists and the manner in which recent researc h studies have changed the perception of human origin having a great inclination to the African apes. There is a critical analysis of the work of Charles Darwin letter concerning the ‘Origin of the Human Species’. Unlike the creation stories from religious books, Darwin stated that human beings evolved from apes to what they are today. Just like Darwin, Richard Leakey has the same viewpoint that man evolved from apes and takes a contrary view to the creationist’s theories. Darwin’s theory has received a lot of criticism from different religions who believe that a supernatural being placed two people on earth who continued the lifeline of human beings. In trying to prove his ideologies, Leakey tries to prove his arguments from a biological approach rather than a cultural perspective. He argues that this is an immense development in the profession because it allows proposal to be tested with things that already exist in the environment like animals. When ant hropologists realized that technology and the ability of the human mind exhibit different characteristics over time, they had to take a different approach in the quest to find the steps of evolution of mankind. It is for this reason that they have decided to provide evidence based on biological facts rather than cultural dimension. According to Leakey’s study, several incomplete specimen’s had been discovered in southern and eastern Africa between the years one million and four million years ago though many others are being discovered. The oldest fossil of human resemblance seen in Eurasia is estimated to have been in existence for two million years.Advertising Looking for book review on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The challenge the anthropologist have is getting the answers of which human species occupied the world and how they survived in this time. The next challenge is to give interrelations of the species as they evolved or the family tree of human beings. Their biggest challenge is inconsistencies in geological records. Darwin had earlier complained about it in one chapter of his book because it was frustrating to his work due to exposure of species and fossilization. The other big challenge of anthropologists is due to the fact that majority of the fossils found are very small in size. For instance, a piece of cranium, a small piece of bone from the skull, feet or teeth makes it difficult for identification. The identification process of these specimens is complex and scientists at times find it impossible to identify. Discovery of fossils in Africa started in 1924 by Raymond Dart with the initial discovery of Taung child. The specimen resembled a child and was covered by Taung limestone hence its name. It is estimated that the child lived two million years ago even though the exact time of the existence of the quarry has not been estimated. Early researchers of evo lution argue that evolution was directly related to several other activities. For example, man was able to stand so that he could grasp weapons, when he acquired the weapons there was no reason for him to have many teeth and big mouth hence, the reduction of size jaws. From this argument, one is left to wonder whether to believe that evolution had a correlation with the ability of holding weapons and whether weapons had anything meaningful to existence of man. Because of this assumption which argues that, weapons changed the way we evolved, describing how jaws and the mouth got smaller, how work and daily life was made efficient because of weapons, Leakey takes a different approach using modern scientific research. In his propositions, Leakey starts the historic evolution of man from the bipedal apes. These were the first group of apes that walked on only two feet and not all the four though they did not display characteristics of human beings. Even though they were able to walk on two feet, they were apes.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Origin of Man by Richard Leakey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On comparing apes and human beings, bipedal apes were more efficient in terms of energy conservation and mobility when they used two feet rather than four. Other reasons provided for bipedal Ape’s ability to walk on two feet was so as to enable them have an enhanced cooling system and the ability to watch over things in tall grass. According to Richard Leakey, the first human existed seven million years ago, they walked on two feet and they resembled baboons. He further argues that the concerns of evolution are not long term but arise as a result of changes experienced in the environment like in the case when a species dies. By 1950, â€Å"Australopithecus Africanus, the smaller one and Australopithecus Rubustus, the bigger one were the only species recognized as humansâ₠¬  (Leakey 19) they ate food by biting rather than grinding, stood and walked on their two feet, females were half the weight of males and an inch or more shorter than males. At this stage, the bipedal apes were a little bit advanced than before. Australopithecus gradually evolved to ‘homo habilus’ and ‘homo sapiens’ which exhibited more advanced characteristics. The immediate stage of evolution after Australopithecus is homo habilus then Homo sapiens which is the modern human being that has got the most advanced characteristics. Darwin further suggests that the modern man will evolve in future to a more complex being originating outside the human beings with bigger heads for large brains (Murray 88). According to him, this will be the most advanced generation of human men which we are yet to witness. Another human was found named Lucy who was a grown up adult, three feet tall, looked like an ape and had longer arms and legs compared to the ordinary human being. The remains were found intact by the time of examination. Before this time, anthropologists had not found proof of a bipedal ape. Richard Leakey elaborates five procedures through which food was shared which are â€Å"bipedal modes of locomotion, spoken language, sharing food, living in a home base and hunting large preys† (22). This was necessitated by the discovery of a camp which facilitated the social orientation and the manner in which food was shared.Advertising Looking for book review on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This clearly illustrates the fact that even though man was a hunter, the most important thing about them was the social activities that they engaged in. The revelation that they shared food is enough proof that their involvement in social activities was a critical part of their life. Of all the major occurrences in the evolution of man from the bipedal ape, the period of the enlarged brain, the beginning of modern humans and the emergence of the modern generation of men like us is the biggest issue of concern to anthropologists today. Several assumptions are debated every now and then and the subsequent results are productions of books, journals and scientific papers containing conflicting information on evolution. Men like us imply modern Homo sapiens who have an affinity towards technology, creativity and a strong affiliation to good moral values. It is evident that a few years ago, civilization has been seen to in all forms of human life starting a few thousand years ago. For ins tance, social frameworks have been becoming complex, village elders giving way for chiefs, chiefs giving way for cities and cities giving way for nations. From the above flow, the level of complexity is rising as a result of cultural evolution and not biological dynamics. According to Binford, the activity of hunting started with the emergence of Homo sapiens. He thought that skillful hunting started with this group of early men. He also held the idea that the homo group of species did not resemble the modern man and that human beings advanced within a very short period of time. This is contrary to the arguments of Charles Darwin and Richard Leakey that man evolved slowly and over a very long period of time. Within the content of the book, the author gives evidence that man practiced scavenging. Among the evidence that support this argument is when it was found out that man scraped meat from the bone. According to Moore (21), â€Å"there is a connection between bones and stones in the sense that stones were used to crash the bones and scrap meat off it. At those historical sites, stone flakes were found to have been put together signifying that human beings had a collection of tools in the same area and they used the stones to scrap meat off the bones.† According to the author, scavenging was a common activity among the human beings and that they had a common place where they accumulated stone flakes. It follows that humans had not become sophisticated hunters and scavengers three million years ago (Moore 65). The book also covers the art of language in the sixth chapter. He argues that human prehistory reveals that the human art had a lot of imitation from animals as can be seen from carves, paintings and sculptures made thirty thousand years ago. At this age, human beings had advanced and were now occupying the old world generation as the new world dawned. Whenever people from different regions drew pictures, they produced images of things that were w ithin their environment. They could not avoid reproducing images in their immediate environment which the author believes had a lot of meaning and were mysterious. The author recalls a visit to one of the caves in France which was beautifully decorated in 1980. He had been in the venue taking videos for BBC TV when he used the opportunity to inspect historical artifacts. One of the most decorated caves of the Ice Ages is the Lascaux in Europe and has been restricted to the public since 1963 to preserve the originality of the paintings. This is an example of the works art by the modern man. There is also a description of the origin of the human mind. According to the findings of the author, there are three major happenings that are significant to the life of human beings on earth. The initial stage is the origin of life which is estimated at about three and half million years ago. Richard Leakey argues that man started life in form of a micro organism which was a powerful show in a w orld that had been dominated by chemistry and physics. The next revolution of mankind is the emergence of multi cellular organisms approximately five hundred million years ago. Life gradually became more advanced since animals and plants of all forms intermingled in fertile environments. Leakey argues that man started gaining consciousness around two and half million years ago which he considers as the third revolution. Life became very powerful that it started changing everything that was in the world. Neanderthals, which the author wrote about lived between one hundred and thirty to one hundred and forty years ago. All the fossils that were found between these periods have proven that they were more advanced than Homo erectus. As culture evolved over the years, the same happened to the human brain that made culture to be more advanced and complicated. Leaky identified East Africa as the first place that man originated from (Morgan 23). Anthropologists also thought of multiple regi ons that man might have originated from and evolved over a long spread of time. Unlike the bipedal apes, Neanderthals had characteristics that were closer to the modern man. They used grunts to organize their language, their feet and hands were longer, and the skull was enlarged and had protruding eyebrows. This group of evolving humans was better in hunting and scavenging compared to homo geniuses. According to the author, Neanderthals was the group of evolving people that lived just before the emergence of Homo sapiens. They didn’t live long enough because they were destroyed by the ice age though the assumption is not clear. In conclusion, the book covers human prehistoric times and evolution stages that man went through from a being primitive to more advanced and complex humans. It also highlights the work of Charles Darwin and how he influenced the work of evolution of man. Bipedal apes which were the first apes to walk on two feet are wholly covered. They advanced to Au stralopithecus that possessed more advanced characteristics. In his analysis, Leakey uses a simple survey to investigate important fossils which are accepted to date. There is a discussion of the contentious issue of social culture and language of art as anthropologist actively searched for the origin of man. The most captivating part of the wok is discussion on origin of the human consciousness and language. Works Cited Leakey, Richard. The Origin of Humankind, New Yolk: Basic Books, 1994. Print. Moore, Nathan. The Theory of Evolution: An Inquiry, Chicago: Lakeside Press, 1931. Print. Morgan, Henry. The Religion of the Hindus, New York: The Ronald Press, 1853. Print. Murray, Iain. The Puritan Hope, London: Banner of Truth, 1971. Print. This book review on The Origin of Man by Richard Leakey was written and submitted by user Jayce Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility - What does it mean? One of the most frequently asked questions - and probably for all those individuals and organisations dealing with CSR issues is the obvious - just what does "Corporate Social Responsibility" mean anyway? Is it a stalking horse for an anti-corporate agenda? Something which, like original sin, you can never escape? Or what? Different organisations have framed different definitions - although there is considerable common ground between them. My own definition is that CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. Take the following illustration: Companies need to answer to two aspects of their operations. 1. The quality of their management - both in terms of people and processes (the inner circle). 2. The nature of, and quantity of their impact on society in the various areas. Outside stakeholders are taking an increasing interest in the activity of the company. Most look to the outer circle - what the company has actually done, good or bad, in terms of its products and services, in terms of its impact on the environment and on local communities, or in how it treats and develops its workforce. Out of the various stakeholders, it is financial analysts who are predominantly focused - as well as past financial performance - on quality of management as an indicator of likely future performance. Other definitions The World Business Council for Sustainable Development in its publication "Making Good Business Sense" by Lord Holme and Richard Watts, used the following definition. "Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large" The same report gave some evidence of the different perceptions of what this should mean fr... Free Essays on Corporate Social Responsibility Free Essays on Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility - What does it mean? One of the most frequently asked questions - and probably for all those individuals and organisations dealing with CSR issues is the obvious - just what does "Corporate Social Responsibility" mean anyway? Is it a stalking horse for an anti-corporate agenda? Something which, like original sin, you can never escape? Or what? Different organisations have framed different definitions - although there is considerable common ground between them. My own definition is that CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. Take the following illustration: Companies need to answer to two aspects of their operations. 1. The quality of their management - both in terms of people and processes (the inner circle). 2. The nature of, and quantity of their impact on society in the various areas. Outside stakeholders are taking an increasing interest in the activity of the company. Most look to the outer circle - what the company has actually done, good or bad, in terms of its products and services, in terms of its impact on the environment and on local communities, or in how it treats and develops its workforce. Out of the various stakeholders, it is financial analysts who are predominantly focused - as well as past financial performance - on quality of management as an indicator of likely future performance. Other definitions The World Business Council for Sustainable Development in its publication "Making Good Business Sense" by Lord Holme and Richard Watts, used the following definition. "Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large" The same report gave some evidence of the different perceptions of what this should mean fr...

Net Ionic Equation Definition (Chemistry)

Net Ionic Equation Definition (Chemistry) There are different ways to write equations for chemical reactions. Three of the most common are unbalanced equations, which indicate the species involved; balanced chemical equations, which indicate number and type of species; and net ionic equations, which only deal with the species that contribute to a reaction. Basically, you need to know how to write the first two types of reactions to get the net ionic equation. Net Ionic Equation Definition The net ionic equation is a chemical equation for a reaction which lists only those species participating in the reaction. The net ionic equation is commonly used in acid-base neutralization reactions, double displacement reactions, and redox reactions. In other words, the net ionic equation applies to reactions that are strong electrolytes in water. Net Ionic Equation Example The net ionic equation for the reaction that results from mixing 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH is:H(aq) OH-(aq) → H2O(l)The Cl- and Na  ions do not react and are not listed in the net ionic equation. How to Write a Net Ionic Equation There are three steps to writing a net ionic equation: Balance the chemical equation.Write the equation in terms of all of the ions in the solution. In other words, break all of the strong electrolytes into the ions they form in aqueous solution. Make sure to indicate the formula and charge of each ion, use coefficients (numbers in front of a species) to indicate the quantity of each ion, and write (aq) after each ion to indicate its in aqueous solution.In the net ionic equation, all species with (s), (l), and (g) will be unchanged. Any (aq) that remain on both sides of the equation (reactants and products) can be cancelled out. These are called spectator ions and they dont participate in the reaction. Tips for Writing the Net Ionic Equation The key to knowing which species dissociate into ions and which form solids (precipitates) is to be able to recognize molecular and ionic compounds, know the strong acids and bases, and predict the solubility of compounds. Molecular compounds, like sucrose or sugar, dont dissociate in water. Ionic compounds, like sodium chloride, dissociate according to solubility rules. Strong acids and bases completely dissociate into ions, while weak acids and bases only partially dissociate. For the ionic compounds, it helps to consult the solubility rules. Follow the rules in order: All alkali metal salts are soluble. (e.g., salts of Li, Na, K, etc. - consult a periodic table if youre unsure)All  NH4 salts are soluble.All NO3-, C2H3O2-, ClO3-, and ClO4-  salts are soluble.All Ag, Pb2, and Hg22  salts are insoluble.All Cl-, Br-, and I-  salts are soluble.All CO32-, O2-, S2-, OH-, PO43-, CrO42-, Cr2O72-, and SO32-  salts are insoluble (with  exceptions).All SO42-  salts are soluble (with exceptions). For example, following these rules you know sodium sulfate is soluble, while iron sulfate is not. The six strong acids that completely dissociate are  HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4. The oxides and hydroxides of alkali (group 1A) and alkaline earth (group 2A) metals are strong bases that completely dissociate. Net Ionic Equation Example Problem For example, consider the reaction between sodium chloride and silver nitrate in water. Lets write the net ionic equation. First, you need to know the formulas for these compounds. Its a good idea to memorize common ions, but if you dont know them, this is the reaction, written with (aq) following the species to indicate they are in water: NaCl(aq) AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) AgCl(s) How do you know silver nitrate and silver chloride form and that silver chloride is a solid? Use the solubility rules to determine both reactants dissociate in water. In order for a reaction to occur, they must exchange ions. Again using the solubility rules, you know sodium nitrate is soluble (remains aqueous) because all alkali metal salts are soluble. Chloride salts are insoluble, so you know AgCl precipitates. Knowing this, you can rewrite the equation to show all the ions (the complete ionic equation): Na(aq)  Ã‚  Cl​−​​(aq) Ag​(aq)  Ã‚  NO​3​−​​(aq)  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  Na​​​(aq)   NO​3​−​​(aq)  Ã‚  AgCl(s) The sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction and are not changed by the reaction, so you can cancel them from both sides of the reaction. This leaves you with the net ionic equation: Cl-(aq) Ag(aq) → AgCl(s)

Jus 102 3 short paper see below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jus 102 3 short paper see below - Essay Example This type of leadership has been proven to make a positive impact to the subordinates by making them exert more effort in their work areas and to comply with rules and regulations. In Transaction leadership style, police leaders who practice this model are said to rely more on rewards and punishments and they tend to act only in situations where there are deviations from expected behaviour and service delivery of their subordinates. This model has lesser positive impact on the subordinates than transformational style but individuals who are less self-motivated express a liking of this model (Avolio, Sosik, Jung, & Berson, 2003). Mixed style leadership is where a police leader combines both the transactional and transformational leadership. According to research done on this models of leadership, it is said that those who practice mixed style leadership are more effective leaders than those who just practice the transformational type. In addition to this there is active leadership and role modelling where leaders are said to be active, they set a good example and employ role modelling tactics including on acceptable cultures of the police force and integrity, unlike the transformational leaders who rely heavily on mentoring and inspiration motivation. They influence subordinates behaviour than the transformational leaders. In situational leadership, leaders modify their behaviours to suit the context. This include the years of experience of their subordinates and their ranks. In addition, Participative leadership involves encouragement of subordinates to involve themselves in decision making so as to be committed and satisfied with their different jobs. Lastly there is the inactive leadership model where police leaders fail to lead effectively. This model has negative impacts on the subordinate’s willingness to work. The